Hitler, Palestine and Muslim Nazis
During the 1930s and 1940s, a unique and lasting political alliance was forged among Third Reich leaders, Arab nationalists, and Muslim religious authorities. From this relationship sprang a series of dramatic events that, despite their profound impact on the course of World War II and Middle Eastern history, has remained largely secret until now.
Like the the full scope of Palestinian leader Amin al-Husaini’s support of Hitler’s genocidal plans against European and Middle Eastern Jews. Or the extent of Germany’s long-term promotion of Islamism and jihad.
We need to explore and expose the intertwined development of Nazism and Islamism and its impact on the modern Middle East.
Haj Amin al-Husseini is the man who, during World War II, was called "the fuhrer of the Arab world", whose ugly, violent legacy lives on today.
He was the religious head of the Palestinian Muslims for 16 years, their political leader for 30 years, and, for a time, he was the most important representative of the Arab world.
Husseini spent time in Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945, with some 60 staff and a secret service of his own, in Berlin as a guest and at the expense of the Third Reich. Al-Husaini cooperated eagerly with the Nazis to prevent Jews emigrating from Europe to Palestine. Aware of what was happening, he wanted to see the Jews destroyed. He also expected a high position for himself in the Arab world after the Nazis had won World War II.
After the war, he continued to act in precisely the same manner. His greed for wealth, hunger for power, despotism, ruthlessness, and intransigence were all factors that brought disaster upon his people and have, unfortunately, set a standard that remains valid in Palestinian politics today.
Haj Amin al-Husseini, the founder of Palestinian nationalism, is notorious for his efforts to persuade the Nazis to extend their genocide of the Jews to the Palestine Mandate. The Mufti met Hitler and Himmler in Berlin in 1941 and asked the Nazis to guarantee that when the Wehrmacht drove the British from Palestine, Germany would establish an Arab regime and assist in the “removal” of its Jews. Hitler replied that the Reich would not intervene in the Mufti’s kingdom, other than to pursue their shared goal: “the annihilation of Jewry living in Arab space.” The Mufti settled in Berlin, befriended Adolf Eichmann, and lobbied the governments of Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria to cancel a plan to transfer Jews to Palestine. Subsequently, some 400,000 Jews from these countries were sent to death camps.
al-Husseini ingratiated himself with his hero, Adolf Hitler, becoming, with his blond hair and blue eyes, an "honorary Aryan" while dreaming of being installed as Nazi leader of the Middle East. Al-Husseini would later recruit more than 100,000 Muslims in Europe to fight in divisions of the Waffen-SS, and obstruct negotiations with the Allies that might have allowed four thousand Jewish children to escape to Palestine. Some believe that al-Husseini even inspired Hitler to implement the Final Solution. At war's end, al-Husseini escaped indictment at Nuremberg and was harbored in France.
al-Husseini's postwar relationships include influential Islamic figures as the radical Sayyid Qutib and Saddam Hussein's powerful uncle General Khairallah Talfah and his crucial mentoring of the young Yasser Arafat.
al-Husseini's actions and writings serve as inspirations today to the leaders of Hamas, Hezbollah, and other terrorist organizations pledged to destroy Israel and the United States.
As David Motadel writes in "Islam and Nazi Germany's War," Muslims fought on both sides in World War II. But only Nazis and Islamists had a political-spiritual romance.
Both groups hated Jews, Bolsheviks and liberal democracy.
Both sought what Michel Foucault, praising the Iranian Revolution in 1979, would later call the spiritual-political "transfiguration of the world" by "combat."
The caliph, Islamic Zaki Ali explained, was the "fuehrer of the believers." "Made by Jews, led by Jews - therewith Bolshevism is the natural enemy of Islam," wrote Mahomed Sabry, a Berlin-based propagandist for the Muslim Brotherhood in "Islam, Judaism, Bolshevism," a book that the Reich's propaganda ministry recommended to journalists.
Today, this Muslim-Nazi propaganda is spread by people claiming to be Christians, as well as other misguided, indoctrinated, typically leftist individuals, in their own hatred and slander of Jews, and support for Muslim terror groups like Hamas.
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The Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas and the Nazis
Like the Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, Hassan al Banna, was an enthusiastic fan of Adolf Hitler. He admired the Fuhrer's hatred of the Jewish people. He wrote to Hitler repeatedly to express his admiration and his hope that Islam and Nazism would become collaborators.
Every year from 1935 onward, the Muslim Brotherhood would send delegations to attend the Nazi party's annual rallies in Nuremberg.
The Brotherhood would translate Hitler's autobiography and rantings against the Jewish people into Arabic. Called Mein Kampf, they translated it as jihad, or My Jihad. So the darkness of Hitler and the Nazis goes from Mein Kampf to My Jihad. And it is one of the best selling books in the Arab world. The autobiography of Hitler.
The Brotherhood took Nazi hatred of the Jewish people into the Middle East. In 1938, the Muslim Brotherhood led demonstrations against Egyptian Jews and distributed Arabic translations of excerpts from Hitler's "Mein Kampf" and the fraudulent "Protocols of the Elders of Zion". They embraced and propagated Nazi anti-Semitic propaganda.
The Muslim Brotherhood bombed a Cairo synagogue in 1939 and ransacked Jewish homes, aligning with Nazi persecution of Jews.
Hassan al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, expressed admiration for Nazi militarism and masculinity. In an essay, he mentioned that these qualities could serve as a model for the Muslim Brotherhood.
Additionally, he spoke favorably of the centralized nature of the Fascist and Nazi regimes and their ability to impose order. This admiration for certain aspects of Nazism is documented in historical essays and discussions.
Adolf Hitler met with Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem, in 1941. During this meeting, there were discussions about combatting Jews both inside and outside Europe.
When the Nazi war criminal Haj Amin al-Husseini fled to Cairo in 1946, Hassan al-Banna hailed him as a hero and great Jihadist. Al-Husseini had close ties with Hitler and recruited Muslims for the Nazi SS.
While there is no record of a direct meeting between Hitler and al-Banna, the Muslim Brotherhood had deep admiration for Hitler's anti-Semitism and adopted aspects of Nazi ideology and propaganda against Jews.
Hitler made the following quote expressing admiration for Islam over Christianity:
"The Mohammedan religion too would have been much more compatible to us than Christianity. Why did it have to be Christianity with its meekness and flabbiness?"
This quote is attributed to Hitler by his architect Albert Speer, who recalled Hitler saying this during a meeting. Hitler contrasted Islam, which he saw as a "religion of men" that "glorifies heroism and opens the seventh Heaven to the bold warrior alone", with Christianity's "meekness and flabbiness".
Speer recounted that Hitler wished the Islamic forces had won the Battle of Tours in 732 against the Franks, speculating that "then we should in all probability have been converted to Mohammedanism, that cult which glorifies heroism...Then the Germanic races would have conquered the world."
One has to point out that they would have done so as Muslims, of course.
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Hythem Sidky - Quran Preservation = Lies to Children
Hythem Sidky is a scholar specializing in Quranic studies and Islamic manuscripts. Here are the key details about him based on the search results:
Background
- Hythem Sidky holds a Ph.D. in biomolecular engineering from the University of Notre Dame and an M.S. in applied mathematics.[4]
- He combines expertise in sciences with a specialization in Quranic manuscripts and reading traditions.[4]
- He is the Executive Director of the International Quranic Studies Association (IQSA).[3][4]
Areas of Research
- Sidky works on the stemmatics (study of manuscript relationships) of Quranic manuscripts and reconstruction of regional oral traditions of the Quran.[4]
- He investigates applications of stylometry (statistical analysis of literary style) to the Quran, including studying the authorship and potential redactions in the Quranic text.[2]
- His research explores what statistical analysis can reveal about the authorship and evolution of the Quranic corpus, drawing parallels with debates like the Homeric Question.[2]
Notable Works
- Sidky has published research papers and given talks on topics related to Quranic linguistics, manuscripts, and computational analysis of the text.[1][2][4]
- He has a strong online presence, including an AMA (Ask Me Anything) session on the r/AcademicQuran subreddit and video lectures on Quranic variants and Western scholarship on the Quran.[3][5]
Citations:
[1] https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Hythem-Sidky/46686530
[2] https://chicago.academia.edu/HythemSidky
[3] https://www.reddit.com/r/AcademicQuran/comments/1cu21qs/ama_with_hythem_sidky_executive_director_of_the/
[4] https://theiqra.org/what-western-scholarship-is-saying-about-the-quran-with-dr-hythem-sidky/
[5] https://youtube.com/shorts/QXayPmIvED8
Transcript:
At least within Sunni Islam, there's a general belief that the Quran in it, you know, from its origin was multiformal.
And what that means is that it was not one Quran, but there were many renditions, many versions
of the Quran.
And also different people have different conceptions as to where these variations come from.
Is it, you know, were they all uttered by the Prophet? Were some of them, you know, did the Prophet [unclear], did he, did he hear them and he approved of them or were they generated by the companions?
And so on and so forth.
And unfortunately, actually, so I have heard some preachers that do say that there's only, you know, one reading or one Quran or something like that.
And
you know, if I were to be very generous, I would say that that
falls under the umbrella of like lies to children, if that makes sense.
falls under the umbrella of like lies to children,
falls under the umbrella of like lies to children,
falls under the umbrella of like lies to children,
----------
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Palestine Mufti Husseini and Hitler
The relationship between Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and Adolf Hitler and the Nazis is a controversial and extensively studied topic. Al-Husseini's collaboration with the Nazis during World War II has been examined for its political, ideological, and practical implications, especially regarding the Holocaust and the Palestinian national movement.
Evidence
1. Early Contact and Ideological Convergence.
Al-Husseini's collaboration with the Nazis began before World War II, influenced by shared anti-Semitic and anti-British sentiments. The Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 saw the Muslim Brotherhood, supported by al-Husseini, aligning with Nazi ideology, distributing anti-Semitic literature, and sending delegations to Nazi rallies.
2. Direct Collaboration During World War II.
Al-Husseini met Hitler in Berlin in November 1941, advocating for the extermination of Jews and opposing their emigration to Palestine. This meeting marked the beginning of his direct involvem ent in Nazi activities, including his work with Himmler to recruit Muslim SS units in the Balkans .
During his stay in Berlin, al-Husseini produced anti-Semitic propaganda targeting Muslims and Arabs, urging them to support the Nazi cause.
3.
After the war, al-Husseini continued to influence radical Islamic movements, including the Muslim Brotherhood and the Palestinian Liberation Organization, spreading Nazi-inspired anti-Semitic ideologies.
4. Controversial Claims and Historical Debate.
Some historians argue about the extent of al-Husseini's influence on Hitler's decisions, with claims like those made by Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu suggesting that al-Husseini convinced Hitler to adopt the Final Solution. These claims are debated and often criticized for lacking concrete evidence.
This academic conclusion is driven by lack of willingness to admit the high degree of animosity against Jews in Islam, plus ignorance of jihad and sharia laws. Political correctness and unwillingness to offend donors hobbles the truth in academia.
5. Nazi Propaganda and Arab Nationalism.
Al-Husseini's work in Nazi Germany included producing Arabic language propaganda that fused Nazi and Islamist ideologies. This propaganda was aimed at rallying support against Jews and the Allies in the Middle East and North Africa.
Conclusion.
Haj Amin al-Husseini's collaboration with Adolf Hitler and the Nazis was marked by ideological convergence on anti-Semitism and practical collaboration during World War II, including propaganda and military activities. His legacy includes the continued influence of Nazi-inspired ideologies in violent Islamic terror movements like Hamas.
1
Patterson, 2022
https://consensus.app/papers/islamic-jihad-holocaust-from-hitler-hamas-patterson/a58c2cf4b67355438890a5d1023b9ec9/
2
Patterson, 2022
https://consensus.app/papers/islamic-jihad-holocaust-from-hitler-hamas-patterson/a58c2cf4b67355438890a5d1023b9ec9/
Havel, 2015
https://consensus.app/papers/hajj-amin-husseinis-antisemitic-legacy-havel/0e6352ce7d2853868065c3712a369144/
3
Patterson, 2022
https://consensus.app/papers/islamic-jihad-holocaust-from-hitler-hamas-patterson/a58c2cf4b67355438890a5d1023b9ec9/
4
Litvak, 2015
https://consensus.app/papers/netanyahu-mufti-hajj-amin-alhusseini-prime-instigator-litvak/e8fa3cbf66285ecb90d265cd44ced102/
5
Jeffrey, 2011 https://consensus.app/papers/arabischsprachige-nationalsozialistische-propaganda-jeffrey/9c10287f73ae5270a69b85559a389565/
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#HajAminAlHusseini
#GrandMuftiOfJerusalem
#NaziCollaboration
#AntiSemitism
#PalestinianNationalMovement
#Holocaust
#IslamicTerrorism
#NaziPropaganda
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The Qurious Qase of Qur'an Qira'at
Is the Quran truly historically preserved, unchanged, as Muslim claim? With Christ at Speaker's Corner
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Book of Uthman or Mohammed? Qur'an Qira’at Qontroversy and Qonfusion pt1
Muslims falsely claims that the Quran was written by Allah in Heaven and sent down to Muhammad, and that it has been perfectly preserved as a single text without any alterations.
If the Quran was always 'perfectly preserved', why was it only canonised in 1984/5?
The Quran was supposedly compiled during the time of the Prophet Muhammad and the Rightly Guided (Rashidun) Caliphs in the 7th century AD.
Why have there been multiple efforts over the centuries to establish authoritative versions and readings of the text? This implies numerous unauthorised readings.
Which is odd, since it's been perfectly preserved, we are told?
Mohammed received the Quran, as written by Allah on the tablets in paradise, transmitted by the angel Jibberish, copied by his scribes, and literally nothing has changed, not a word, not a comma, not dot.
Yet, there are Multiple Canonical Readings. Scholars argue today over what was the Uthmanic Codex, because literally nobody can show you an original Mohammedan Codex.
Despite its perfect preservation, the Quran has been transmitted through multiple canonical readings or "qira'at" that were accepted by early Islamic scholars, and by Muslims today.
Let’s look at these variant Qurans that are all identical, except for being different.
Chapters:
00:00:00 - Introduction and Book Announcement
00:09:51 - Diving Right into the Topic
00:19:24 - Compilation of the Quran during the Caliphate of Uthman
00:29:21 - Standardization of the Quran and the Destruction of Manuscripts
00:38:52 - The Cairo Edition and Desecration of the Quran
00:48:58 - The Importance of Numbering Verses in the Quran
00:58:56 - The Variants in Pronunciation and Reading of the Quran
01:08:40 - Variant Readings of the Quran
01:18:39 - The Importance of Diacritical Marks in the Quran
01:27:56 - Sarcasm and Thunder
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The Sana'a Quran Palimpsest
The Sanaa Palimpsest raises questions and challenges Muslim apologetics claims about the Quran and its preservation. Some points to consider:
1. Development and compilation of the Quran: The palimpsest shows that the Quran underwent a process of development in its early transmission.
2. Variations in textual tradition: The differences between the upper and lower texts demonstrate variations in the textual tradition of the Quran during its early transmission, which opposes the idea of a single, unchanging text from the beginning.
3. Non-standard version of the Quran: The lower text contains a non-standard version of the Quran, which raises questions about the authenticity and accuracy of the text.
4. Text tampering and editing: The discovery of other manuscripts with evidence of text tampering and editing suggests that the Quran was subject to human manipulation and revision, which challenges the idea of a pure, uncorrupted text.
In conclusion, the Sanaa Palimpsest provides evidence for the lengthy development of the Quran, and raises questions about the authenticity and accuracy of the text. It does not provide conclusive evidence for Muslim apologetic claims, but the opposite.
The Sana'a Palimpsest, "the Only Known Extant Copy from a Textual Tradition Beside the Standard Uthmanic..." - https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=180
Sana'a Palimpsest and the Early Manuscripts of the Qur'an - https://www.iis.ac.uk/learning-centre/multimedia/sana-a-palimpsest-and-the-early-manuscripts-of-the-qur-an/
The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurʾān of the Prophet (Sana'a Palimpsest) - Behnam Sadeghi and Uwe Bergmann
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233679632_The_Codex_of_a_Companion_of_the_Prophet_and_the_Quran_of_the_Prophet
#SanaaPalimpsest
#Quran
#IslamicHistory
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#AncientTexts
#ManuscriptStudies
#ReligiousStudies
#QuranicStudies
#IslamicScripture
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#Archaeology
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#QuranicPreservation
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How Muslim Nations infiltrated US Government & Universities
Let us follow the money as we explore how Muslim nations consistently work at capturing the United States and the broader West, infiltrating their institutions.
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The Birmingham Quran Manuscript 03
The radiocarbon dating of the Birmingham Qur'an fragments, which include parts of Surahs 18 to 20, suggests with 95.4% accuracy that the parchment dates from 568-645 AD.
This is potentially 5 to over 80 years before the traditional Islamic account of the compilation of the Quran in 650 to 653 AD.
In Islamic tradition, the compilation of the Quran is attributed to the third caliph, Oothman. However, if the Birmingham Qur'an fragments are indeed part of the original Othmanic Codex, and date from 568-645 AD, it would suggest that the Quran was compiled and distributed earlier than previously thought.
This discrepancy raises questions about the accuracy of Islamic historiography.
The Birmingham fragments contain parts of the earlier so-called “Meccan Surahs” 18 to 20. From the end of surah 18 to the beginning of 20, in the order that is common today.
They follow Uthmanic logic with the non-chronological order of the surahs, which are lengthwise, except the first surah of the Koran, a polemic or curse upon Jews and Christians known as the al-Fatiha, which has 7 verses, and is of great importance, forming part of the main Islamic prayer.
The Birmingham Quran fragment is written in an early Arabic script known as Hijazi.
The concept of the Hijazi script, referring to the earliest known manuscripts of the Quran from the 7th-8th centuries, has been challenged by Estelle Whelan. She argues that defining a distinct "Hijazi script" based primarily on the form of the letter aleph and archaic explanations is a "scientific artefact" or artificial construction rather than an accurate representation of the early Quranic manuscripts.
Whelan contends that the traditional narrative of the Hijazi script being a distinct calligraphic style originating in the Heejaz region is oversimplified and lacks solid evidence. She suggests that the variations observed in early Quranic manuscripts may not necessarily represent a coherent regional script but rather reflect the natural diversity and evolution of Arabic writing during that period.
Her critique opposes the notion that the Hijazi script can be clearly defined and distinguished from other contemporaneous Arabic scripts based solely on paleographic features like the shape of the aleph. She argues that the explanations provided for the origins and characteristics of this script are rooted in traditional Islamic accounts, which may not align with a more critical examination of the manuscript evidence.
The fragments exhibit some shawādhdh in terms of variant spellings, verse numberings etc. that were likely acceptable variations before the Uthmanic standardisation.
The radiocarbon dating places it potentially before the traditional birth year of Mohammed.
There are differences in orthography and verse separations compared to the standard text. Early Quranic manuscripts often had variations before standardisation, despite false apologetics claims of a single, unaltered text, perfectly preserved exactly as sent down to Mohammed.
There have been multiple Quran standardisation efforts, a task which would be unnecessary if the Quran were 'perfectly preserved'.
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Luther led to Secularism and the [pagan] Enlightenment
My Episode 6 on Martin Luther discussed how his actions led to a materialist outlook in Europe, and a diminishing of the theological worldview. See "Protestantism to Islam and Secularism. Lutherfer, pt6". ATHEIST CONVERT TO THE CATHOLIC FAITH: THE PROTESTANT “REFORMATION” LED DIRECTLY TO SECULARISM
In this clip, Dr. Alan Fimister—a brilliant convert to the Catholic Faith from atheism, seminary professor, lawyer, and historian—explains why the ideas undergirding the protestant “reformation” invariably led to secularism.
The sobering reality is that ideas truly do have consequences—and many do not recognize the consequences of theirs.
Once premises are granted, they do not remain static. Their logical consequences begin to percolate, grow, and at some point are let loose on the world—often contrary to the intentions of those who asserted the original premises.
Much of where we are today was foreseen by Catholic saints, theologians, churchmen, and mystics in the 16th century and later. Why? Because they understood that ideas have consequences, and that protestant premises would invariably result in true religion being excluded from the public square, and mass apostasy would ensue. Indeed, many Catholics today have imbibed these same premises, with similarly catastrophic results within the Church.
Dr. Fimister is on Eternal Christendom’s Advisory Board, and we will be hosting him on the podcast later this year for an extensive interview about his conversion, and why it was obvious (to him) that protestantism did not have a valid claim to being biblical, or part of historic Christianity.
Source: https://twitter.com/JoshuaTCharles/status/1790546555944259929
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Flawless, or Flawed Preservation of the Quran?
The documented variations in wording and meaning within the multiple kira'at clearly suggest that the Qur'anic text has not been perfectly preserved in a singular form, unchanged over time. This evidence of textual differences across various readings indicates that the transmission and recitation of the Qur'an have undergone changes, leading to discrepancies in the wording and meaning of the text, as we see in the differences between Hafs and Warsh variants. Therefore, the presence of multiple kira'at contradicts the claim of a flawlessly preserved Qur'anic text without any alterations since its original revelation.
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The Quran was Perfectly Preserved - but in 1985
If the Quran was always 'perfectly preserved', why was it only canonised in 1985?
While the Quran was supposedly compiled during the time of the Prophet Muhammad and the Rightly Guided Caliphs in the 7th century CE, there have been efforts over the centuries to establish authoritative versions and readings of the text.
Which is odd, since it's been perfectly preserved, we are told?
Here are some key points with evidence:
Multiple Canonical Readings
The Quran has been transmitted through multiple canonical readings or "qira'at" that were accepted by early Islamic scholars. These include the readings of:
Qalun (d. 835 AD)
Warsh (d. 812 AD)
Al-Bazzi (d. 864 AD)
Qunbul (d. 904 AD)
Al-Duri (d. 860 AD)
Al-Susi (d. 874 AD)
Hisham (d. 859 AD)
Ibn Dhakwan (d. 857 AD)
Shu'bah (d. 809 AD)
Hafz (d. 796 AD)
Khalaf (d. 844 AD)
Khallad (d. 835 AD)
Al-Layth (d. 854 AD)
Isa Ibn Wardan (d. 777 AD)
Ibn Jummaz (d. 787 AD)
Ruways (d. 853 AD)
Rawh (d. 849 AD)
Ishaq (d. 899 AD)
Idris (d. 905 AD)
These readings, while differing slightly in pronunciation and orthography, were all considered authentic transmissions of the Quranic text.
The Cairo Edition (1924)
In 1924, a committee of scholars based in Cairo, Egypt, published an edition of the Quran known as the "Cairo Edition" or "al-Musḥaf al-Muṣawwar." This edition aimed to establish a standardized written text and was based primarily on the canonical reading of Hafz 'an 'Asim (d. 796 AD), published in 1924 by a committee of scholars based in Cairo, Egypt. It has had a significant impact on the Arabic-speaking Muslim world and is considered a milestone in the history of the Quran's textual standardization.
Which is odd, since the Quran was standardised in the 1st century of Islam?
The Saudi Arabian Authorized Version (1985)
In 1985, the Saudi Arabian government officially adopted and authorized a specific written version of the Quran, known as the "Mushaf Al-Madinah An-Nabawiyyah" or the "Medina Mushaf." This version was based on the canonical reading of Hafz 'an 'Asim, following the Cairo Edition of 1924, was printed by the King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an in Medina. It has been widely distributed globally.
There is no complete Uthmanic manuscript from the 7th century. The earliest relatively complete manuscripts like the Topkapi and Sana'a date to the late 7th and early 8th centuries.
The Sana'a manuscript contains significant variations in its lower text compared to the standard Uthmanic text, indicating textual diversity before canonization. The Sana'a Palimpsest indicates a period of textual diversity before the canonization of the Quranic text.
Early manuscripts show variations in areas like surah order, surah names, verse numbering systems compared to the standard text.
Muslim sources mention the possibility of verses being added/removed in the compilation process under Uthman based on hadith reports.
Muslim sources acknowledge debates among Islamic scholars about the extent of editing and variants in the pre-Uthmanic period.
Muslim sources indicate there were variants and an evolution of the textual tradition, especially pre-canonization.
Recent scholarship identifies Abd al-Malik as the one who canonised the Quran, not Uthman.
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Birmingham Quran Manuscript 02
The so-called “Birmingham Quran” consists in fact of just two leaves from an ancient manuscript that have been bound together with seven leaves from another manuscript. Yet Fedeli, who “discovered” the Birmingham manuscript, has also identified sixteen folios in the Bibliothéque nationale de France from the same early manuscript (MS BnF328c).
There are thus eighteen total folios from this early manuscript, and their analysis forms a major part of Fedeli’s dissertation, which convincingly demonstrates that the text written on the parchment seems to be significantly more recent.
Despite being credited with discovering the world’s oldest Quran in the press, Fedeli has from the start insisted that this witness to the Quran should not necessarily be dated as early as this particular radiocarbon analysis might suggest.
The dating of the Birmingham Quran only becomes more complicated after a careful examination of the text that has been written onto the parchment folios.
In her dissertation, Fedeli demonstrates that the Birmingham Qur'an, much like the Tubingen Qur'an, bears the marks of production at a relatively later stage in the history of the Quranic text.
“On the basis of the analysis of the palaeographical features, i.e. the overall appearance of the script and habits of the scribe, as well as of the analysis of the content from a linguistic point of view,”
she establishes that
“it is likely to assume that the first hand in charge of writing MS PaB [i.e., the Paris and Birmingham fragments] was copying the text from an exemplar, and in accomplishing such a task, he expressed his mastery, e.g. in planning the page layout and in executing a rather well-proportioned relationship between letter blocks and empty spaces.”
As she continues to explain,
‘The mechanism of copying from an exemplar implies consequently that the work could not have been executed very early, as the written exemplar requires a period of time for producing the exemplar and also the establishment of a mechanism of copying from an authoritative text. Moreover, the regular and coherent presence of a blank line between two sitras seems to be interpreted as a sign of a later practice, as it was introduced and established during the so-called second masahif project accomplished in the period between 84-85 AH (703-5 CE), whose main initiator was al-Hajjaj (d. 95/713).
Déroche likewise identifies a similar date for this Qurian’s production based on the same qualities of the text: it clearly bears the marks of a high level of sophistication in writing that one would associate with production at the imperial chancery of ‘Abd al-Malik.
From RADIOCARBON DATING AND THE ORIGINS OF THE QUR'AN, pages 80 and 81 of Creating the Qur’an: A Historical-Critical Study By Stephen J. Shoemaker
The Birmingham Quran Manuscript
The Birmingham Quran manuscript, dated between 568 and 645 AD by radiocarbon analysis, has raised several scientific concerns and accuracy issues that make it controversial.
The Birmingham Quran Manuscript, script document and additional links:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iZdXwrQOprqTp3D2k0X3BNkBM7sVY4oAHM0jzEoLu9I/edit?usp=drive_link
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TheoLogical [Scholasticism] pt6: Logic, Reason and Non-Contradiction
Scholasticism represented the golden age of Christian theology during the Middle Ages. Led by the great Thomas Aquinas, scholastic theologians sought to apply logic and reason to support key Christian doctrines. Aquinas was heavily influenced by Aristotle, the father of logic, and incorporated Aristotelian philosophy into his theological works. Aquinas proposed logical arguments, not just biblical citations, to prove the existence of God and His attributes. For example, he used the cosmological argument to prove there must be a first uncaused cause - God. Aquinas also used propositional logic to show how Christian beliefs could be logically reconciled. He took Christian teachings and translated them into a series of logical propositions that could be analyzed using the rules of logic, as defined by Aristotle. Scholasticism and Aquinas demonstrated that faith and reason could work in harmony. At its core, Christianity is a logically coherent belief system, not just a set of mystical doctrines. The scholastics helped strengthen Christianity by providing rational justifications for the faith. Their work continues to influence Christian apologetics and philosophy today. Scholasticism represented a high point in the long tradition of faith seeking understanding.
Let's explore.
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Where Was Your Church before Luther? Claims for the Antiquity of Protestantism Examined
S. J. Barnett - Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture / Volume 68 / Issue 01 / March 1999, https://drive.google.com/file/d/12uOvSr-RbMaY5IJj6qnrX-SAwHOToipw/view?usp=drive_link
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Authentic Seerah and Famous but Unauthentic stories from The Seerah of The Prophet Muhammad
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Heresy - opposite of Orthodoxy #shorts #history #christiandoctrine
Heresy is deviation from established and accepted religious truth that undermines moral authority. It is usually used within a Christian, Jewish, or Islamic context, and implies slightly different meanings in each. Heresy is distinct from apostasy, which is when someone completely renounces their religion. Blasphemy is doing or saying something disrespectful towards God or sacred things. In Islam, apostasy, renouncing faith altogether, is treason against God. It can result in being put to death under Sharia law. The study of heresy is called heresiology. A heresiarch is the founder or leader of a heretical movement, and a heretic is someone who follows or commits heresy. Heresy has plagued Christianity since the early days of the religion. It is one of the reasons that the Church formed an organized structure in the centuries after the death of Jesus.
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Adventism in brief #shorts
Adventists. A 19th century schism. It centers around anticipation of the Second Coming of Christ, emphasizing belief in His imminent return. Saturday, the seventh day of the week, is the Sabbath. They base this practice on the belief that God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh day, establishing it as a day of rest and worship, from Old Testament teachings. They emphasize healthful living, advocating vegetarianism, encourage regular exercise and abstaining from tobacco and alcohol. They operate healthcare institutions and promote holistic well-being as part of spiritual practice. Education is highly valued, with a global network of schools and universities.
They place importance on prophecy in Daniel and Revelation. William Miller predicted the second coming in the 1840s. His prediction failed. A group led by prophetess Ellen and James White then formed the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
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Deuterocanon vs Apocrypha. Why Protestants removed Bible books: Video Essay
The words Apocrypha and Deuterocanonical books are often used interchangeably, but there are differences.
The term "Deuterocanonical" means "second canon." These books were recognised later than other books but were still approved to be in the Bible.
They were included in the Greek Septuagint, which was the scriptures most commonly used by Jews outside Palestine in Jesus' time, including those in the early Christian church.
They were affirmed as scripture by early Christians and considered canonical for over 1,000 years before the Protestant Revolt.
They are still included in the Catholic and Orthodox Bibles.
But did they challenge Protestant teachings?
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A talk with the Thunderous One @thunderous-one
@thunderous-one on YouTube
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https://www.dropbox.com/s/0f1ga9cvekt18au/Reliance-of-the-Traveller-AppendixW.pdf
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Brill Encyclopaedia Of Islam (13 Volumes) - See Dictionaries_References folder in Full Archive
Brill Encyclopaedia of Islam vol 13 Index
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Islamic and Talmudic Jurisprudence: The Four Roots of Islamic Law and Their Talmudic Counterparts - Judith R. Wegner https://www.jstor.org/stable/844605
The Sources of Islamic Law (Abrogation Naskh)- John Burton
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Was al-Shafii the Master Architect of Islamic Jurisprudence? - Wael B. Hallaq
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Digest of Moohummudan Law - Baillie
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Brill Encyclopaedia Of The Qur’an (6 Volumes) - Jane Dammen McAuliffe
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Bashishti Zewar - https://www.islamicbulletin.org/free_downloads/women/bahishti_1_2_3.pdf
Sabb al Rasul - The Unsheathed Sword Against Those Who Insult Mohammed
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Guidance to The Uncertain - a Response to the Jews and Christians
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Yasir Qadhi - An Introduction to the Sciences of the Quran (Abrogation)
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Presbyterianism in brief #shorts
Presbyterianism. A Protestant schism known for governance by elected leaders and belief in predestination. Its origin is the 16th century Scottish Reformer, John Knox. It spread to various countries, particularly North America, with a significant presence. Key theological beliefs are the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, and the concept of salvation by grace through faith. It has a representative system of governance, where decisions are made collectively by church elders called presbyters.
Churches are not autonomous but connected through regional presbyteries, synods, and general assemblies, called connectionalism.
Its covenantal theology sees God's relationship with humanity as unfolding through a series of covenants throughout history.
They were among the first Protestants to ordain women as ministers. They promote gender equality and inclusivity in church leadership roles.
Notable churches include the Presbyterian Church (USA) and Church of Scotland.
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Lutheranism in brief #shorts
Lutheranism. This Protestant schism originates with the teachings of Prophet Martin Luther, a German monk and theologian from the 16th century. It emphasizes the doctrine of justification by faith alone, meaning that individuals are saved solely through faith in Jesus Christ rather than good works. The authority of Scripture is an important theological belief. Followers adhere to the Protestant principle of sola scriptura, meaning that the Bible alone is the authority for Christian faith and practice.
All believers are considered priests, with no official clerical hierarchy. All with faith in Christ who are baptized are designated priests and share in Christ’s royal priesthood. Every Christian has direct access to God without the need for intermediaries.
Lutherans believe in the sacraments of Baptism and Holy Communion.
Luther's perspective on God's grace was part of his break with the Catholic Church.
The Lutheran Church believes that all baptized Christians are called to be priests, and therefore, all members are considered priests 2. However, the Lutheran Church also recognizes the need for ordained ministers to lead congregations and administer the sacraments 2. These ministers are called pastors, and they are elected by congregations and ordained by bishops 1.
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¿Qué es el Imago Dei? ES #shorts
El Imago Dei. Dios nos creó a su imagen. Así reflejamos la naturaleza de Dios en nuestra capacidad para razonar, ser creativos, amar y formar relaciones.
Esta semejanza va más allá de la apariencia física. Imago Dei abarca nuestras almas, mentes a espíritus. A través de nuestra relación con Dios encontramos nuestro verdadero propósito e identidad para glorificar a Dios y disfrutarlo para siempre.
El pecado dañó nuestra capacidad de reflejar adecuadamente la imagen de Dios, pero Jesucristo la restauró. Restauró el imago de ahí en nosotros. A través de la creencia en Cristo somos transformados en su Hijo.
Similitud. También se refiere a la complementariedad del hombre y la mujer, reflejando únicas aspectos de la imagen de Dios a través de una masculinidad y feminidad dadas por Dios. La masculinidad y la feminidad son fundamentales para quienes somos.
El Imago Dei revela que los seres humanos tienen un valor y valor intrínsecos aparte de nuestra función o utilidad. Utilidad. Merecemos dignidad y respeto simplemente porque llevamos la imagen de nuestro creador.
Cada vida humana es sagrada por esta razón.
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What is The Imago Dei? shorts#
God created us in His image; thus we reflect God's nature in our ability to reason, be creative, love, and form relationships. This likeness goes beyond physical appearance. Imago Dei encompasses our souls, minds, and spirits. Through our relationship with God, we find our true purpose and identity, to glorify God and enjoy Him forever. Sin damaged our ability to properly reflect God's image, but Jesus Christ restored the imago Dei in us. Through belief in Christ, we are transformed into His likeness. It also refers to the complementarity of male and female, reflecting unique aspects of God's image through a God-given masculinity and femininity. Manhood and womanhood are fundamental to who we are. The imago Dei reveals that human beings have intrinsic worth and value apart from our function or usefulness. We deserve dignity and respect simply because we bear the image of our Creator. Every human life is sacred for this reason.
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#ImagoDei #ReflectingGodsNature #FindIdentityThroughGod #ComplementarityOfMaleAndFemale #TransformedIntoHisLikeness #IntrinsicWorthAndValue #HumanLifeIsSacred #DignityAndRespectForAll
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Schism without Standards: Protestantism's Pandoras Box. Video Essay
Protestantism needs a Reformation. It exchanged orthodoxy for anarchy.
Protestantism's Pandora's Box contains empty promises of a return to the one true church, to pure Biblical doctrine. Therefore, it is inconsistent and fully hypocritical for Protestants to break from Catholicism over supposed issues of false doctrine, but then not address false teachings and contradictions within their own ranks.
The original article on Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/Post/Schism-without-Standards-V7V5QNHRV
Of course, the Protestant movement cannot, since it lacks universality and harbours severe internal contradictions and disagreements.
Papering over these with talk of "unity" ring hollow.
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