The Steel Making Process From Start to Finish - Material Science
The Steel Making Process From Start to Finish
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, steel is one of the most commonly manufactured materials in the world. Steel is used in buildings, as concrete reinforcing rods, in bridges, infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, cars, bicycles, machines, electrical appliances, furniture, and weapons.
Iron is always the main element in steel, but many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels, which are resistant to corrosion and oxidation, typically need an additional 11% chromium.
Steel is primarily produced using one of two methods: Blast Furnace or Electric Arc Furnace.
The blast furnace is the first step in producing steel from iron oxides. The first blast furnaces appeared in the 14th century and produced one ton per day. Even though equipment is improved and higher production rates can be achieved, the processes inside the blast furnace remain the same. The blast furnace uses coke, iron ore and limestone to produce pig iron.
Coal traditionally has been a key part of the coke-making process. The coal is crushed and ground into a powder and then charged into an oven where it is heated to approximately 1800°F in the absence of oxygen. As the oven is heated, the coal begins to melt so most of the volatile matter such as oil, tar, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur are removed. The cooked coal, called coke, is removed from the oven after 18 to 24 hours of reaction time. The coke is cooled and screened into pieces ranging from one inch to four inches. The coke is a porous, hard black rock of concentrated carbon (contains 90 to 93 percent carbon), which has some ash and sulfur but compared to raw coal is very strong. The strong pieces of coke with a high energy value provide permeability, heat and gases which are required to reduce and melt the iron ore, pellets and sinter. Today, natural gas is increasingly being added in place of coke to the same degree in the blast furnace to reduce carbon emissions
https://www.steel.org/steel-technology/steel-production/
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Scanning electron microscope images of microbes
Scanning electron microscope images of microbes
What Are Microbes? Microbes are organisms that are too small to be seen without using a microscope, so they include things like bacteria, archaea, and single cell eukaryotes — cells that have a nucleus, like an amoeba or a paramecium. Sometimes we call viruses microbes too.
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Petroleum - oil - refining processes explained
Petroleum refining processes explained
How crude oil is refined into petroleum products
Petroleum refineries convert (refine) crude oil into petroleum products for use as fuels for transportation, heating, paving roads, and generating electricity and as feedstocks for making chemicals.
Refining breaks crude oil down into its various components, which are then selectively reconfigured into new products. Petroleum refineries are complex and expensive industrial facilities. All refineries have three basic steps:
Separation
Conversion
Treatment
Separation
Modern separation involves piping crude oil through hot furnaces. The resulting liquids and vapors are discharged into distillation units. All refineries have atmospheric distillation units, but more complex refineries may have vacuum distillation units.
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-petroleum-products/refining-crude-oil-the-refining-process.php
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Footage of the tallest man to ever live, Robert Wadlow
Footage of the tallest man to ever live, Robert Wadlow
Robert Wadlow (February 22, 1918 – July 15, 1940), also known as the Alton Giant and the Giant of Illinois, was an American man who was the tallest person in recorded history for whom there is irrefutable evidence. He was born and raised in Alton, Illinois, a small city near St. Louis, Missouri
Wadlow's height was 8 ft 11.1 in (2.72 m) while his weight reached 439 lb (199 kg) at his death at age 22. His great size and his continued growth in adulthood were due to hypertrophy of his pituitary gland, which results in an abnormally high level of human growth hormone (HGH).
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Anthony Fauci’s throws first pitch
Anthony Fauci’s first pitch is still one of the funniest sports moment of all time
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Andrew Weissmann says he has a “Man crush” on Judge Merchan
Weissmann: "With respect to Judge Merchan, I have like a man crush on him. He is such a great judge. If you looked in a dictionary for judicial temperament, that's what you would get."
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Drone footage of the crashed F-35 in Albuquerque.
Drone footage of the crashed F-35 in Albuquerque.
5-28-2024
The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is an American family of single-seat, single-engine, stealth multirole combat aircraft designed for air superiority and strike missions; it also has electronic warfare and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities. Lockheed Martin is the prime F-35 contractor with principal partners Northrop Grumman and BAE Systems. The aircraft has three main variants: the conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) F-35A, the short take-off and vertical-landing (STOVL) F-35B, and the carrier-based (CV/CATOBAR) F-35C.
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Robert De Niro Has TDS meltdown at Biden campaign news conference in NYC
Robert De Niro and former Capitol police officers Harry Dunn and Michael Fanone speak outside of Trump’s criminal trial on behalf of the Biden-Harris campaign.
While being heckled, Robert De Niro calls Trump a clown outside of the Manhattan courthouse.
Robert De Niro is an American actor and film producer. Known for his collaborations with Martin Scorsese, he is considered to be one of the greatest and most influential actors of his generation. De Niro is the recipient of various accolades, including two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, the Cecil B. DeMille Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. In 2009, De Niro received the Kennedy Center Honors, and earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom from U.S. President Barack Obama in 2016
Robert De Niro calls Donald Trump a ‘monster’ outside New York hush money trial
Robert De Niro branded Donald Trump a “monster” and claimed he “should not be allowed” to be US president again.
The actor arrived outside the New York courthouse on behalf of Joe Biden’s re-election campaign on Tuesday (28 May) as Mr Trump’s hush money trail nears conclusion.
https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/world/robert-de-niro-calls-donald-trump-a-monster-outside-new-york-hush-money-trial/ar-BB1nfIQG
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President Biden instructs audience to clap after no one reacted to his West Point speech
President Biden instructs audience to clap after no one reacted to his West Point commencement speech
The United States Military Academy (USMA) (West Point or Army)[8] is a United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a fort during the American Revolutionary War, as it sits on strategic high ground overlooking the Hudson River 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. It is the oldest of the five American service academies and educates cadets for commissioning into the United States Army.
West Point is the world's preeminent leader development institution. Members of the Long Gray Line live by the motto "Duty, Honor, Country" and serve as leaders both in and out of uniform.
https://www.westpoint.edu/
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How To Find Bed Bugs - How To Know If You Have Bed Bugs
How To Find Bed Bugs - How To Know If You Have Bed Bugs
Bed Bugs Appearance and Life Cycle
Knowing what to look for is the first step in identifying and controlling bed bugs. There are many bugs that look like bed bugs, so an accurate identification is a critical first step to avoid costly treatment for the wrong bug. The types of bugs that look like bed bugs will vary somewhat depending on your region of the country, but photos and descriptions of common look-alikes have been compiled by researchers:
Adult bed bugs, in general, are:
about the size of an apple seed (5-7 mm or 3/16 - 1/4 inch long);
long and brown, with a flat, oval-shaped body (if not fed recently);
balloon-like, reddish-brown, and more elongated (if fed recently);
a “true bug” (characteristics of true bugs include a beak with three segments; antenna that have four parts; wings that are not used for flying; and short, golden-colored hairs); and
smelly, with a “musty-sweetish” odor produced through glands on the lower side of the body.
Young bed bugs (also called nymphs), in general, are:
smaller, translucent or whitish-yellow in color; and
if not recently fed, can be nearly invisible to the naked eye because of coloring and size.
Bed bug eggs, in general, are:
tiny, the size of a pinhead;
pearl-white in color; and
marked by an eye spot if more than five days old.
https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/bed-bugs-appearance-and-life-cycle
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How a bee stinger works
How a bee stinger works
A bee sting is the wound and pain caused by the stinger of a female bee puncturing skin. Bee stings differ from insect bites, with the venom of stinging insects having considerable chemical variation. The reaction of a person to a bee sting may vary according to the bee species. While bee stinger venom is slightly acidic and causes only mild pain in most people, allergic reactions may occur in people with allergies to venom components.
Stinging insects use stingers for two main purposes: defense and predation. Honey bees and bumble bees use their stingers strictly for defense. Bees that are away from the hive foraging will rarely sting unless they are stepped on or unnecessarily aggravated. They are usually too busy searching for pollen and nectar to be bothered by a curious observer or passerby
https://beespotter.org/topics/stings/
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All time Wheel of Fortune moment
All time Wheel of Fortune moment
Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel[b]) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show has aired continuously since January 1975. It features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those in hangman, to win cash and prizes determined by spinning a giant carnival wheel. The current version of the series, which airs in nightly syndication, premiered on September 19, 1983. It stars Pat Sajak and Vanna White as hosts, who have hosted the nighttime version since its inception. The original version of Wheel was a network daytime series that ran on NBC from January 6, 1975, to June 30, 1989, and subsequently aired on CBS from July 17, 1989, to January 11, 1991; it returned to NBC on January 14, 1991, and was cancelled that year, ending on September 20, 1991.
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Eastern Rafah before and after the IDF 5-22-2024
Eastern Rafah before and after the IDF 5-22-2024
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One dead, 30 injured from severe turbulence on aircraft
One dead, 30 others injured due to severe turbulence on board a Boeing aircraft from London to Singapore
What Is Turbulence?
In so many words, it’s the drink spiller, the luggage shaker, the nerve jerker. Turbulence occurs when an airplane hits a strong wind current that can push or pull the plane. Most commercial jets fly high enough to avoid these wind patterns, but gusts can happen at any altitude. There are different types of turbulence an aircraft may experience.
What Causes Airplane Turbulence?
Many environmental factors contribute to airplane turbulence, but the number one factor that causes turbulence is a change in the atmosphere. The following are also common causes of turbulence in an aircraft:
https://www.sheffield.com/airplane-turbulence
One person has died and 30 more people are injured as a Boeing 777-300ER flying from London to Singapore plunged some 7,000 feet in six minutes while encountering severe turbulence.
turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between those layers.
Turbulence is commonly observed in everyday phenomena such as surf, fast flowing rivers, billowing storm clouds, or smoke from a chimney, and most fluid flows occurring in nature or created in engineering applications are turbulent. Turbulence is caused by excessive kinetic energy in parts of a fluid flow, which overcomes the damping effect of the fluid's viscosity. For this reason turbulence is commonly realized in low viscosity fluids. In general terms, in turbulent flow, unsteady vortices appear of many sizes which interact with each other, consequently drag due to friction effects increases. This increases the energy needed to pump fluid through a pipe.
The onset of turbulence can be predicted by the dimensionless Reynolds number, the ratio of kinetic energy to viscous damping in a fluid flow. However, turbulence has long resisted detailed physical analysis, and the interactions within turbulence create a very complex phenomenon. Richard Feynman described turbulence as the most important unsolved problem in classical physics
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Coal Blasting Gone Wrong
Coal Blasting Gone Wrong
Blasting
Blasting is an integral part of surface mining operations. To uncover coal reserves, the rocks overlying the coal are broken with explosives and excavated with various types of large earth-moving equipment. Without blasting, a vital part of the nation's energy reserve would be inaccessible
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) requires that coal mining be conducted in a manner that prevents injury to people and damage to public or private property during blasting. The side effects of blasting include:
Flyrock - a rock or rocks moving through the air or along the ground after a blast and travel beyond the blast area (security zone).
Ground vibrations - a seismic wave that moves through the ground following a blast.
Airblast - a concussion (or pressure) wave that moves through air following a blast.
Fumes - the gaseous byproducts that are the result of an explosives detonation.
Dust - small particles of earthen material that may be temporarily suspended in air.
The most dangerous and apparent of these is flyrock. Injury or death to people and property damage may happen when a piece of rock is thrown beyond the permit boundary. The blaster is responsible for preventing flyrock and controlling ground vibration, airblast and fumes. OSMRE oversees the only national program to certify blasters. Training provided for blaster certification addresses the control of flyrock, vibrations, airblast and fumes by the appropriate use of explosives and hazard recognition in the field.
Ground vibrations and airblast may cause people's homes to shake. When people feel their homes shake, they may associate damage to their homes as being a direct result of blasting at a surface coal mine.
https://www.osmre.gov/programs/regulating-active-coal-mines/blasting
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock with a high amount of carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form. Coal contains the energy stored by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy forests
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Woman crashes into lamppost, flips car during driving test
Woman crashes into lamppost, flips car during driving test
A driving test (also known as a driving exam or driver's test in some places) is a procedure designed to test a person's ability to drive a motor vehicle. It exists in various forms worldwide, and is often a requirement to obtain a license to drive a vehicle independently. A driving test generally consists of one or two parts: the practical test (sometimes called a road test in the United States), used to assess a person's driving ability under normal operating conditions,[1] and a theory test (written, oral or computerized) to confirm a person's knowledge of driving and relevant rules and laws.
lamppost - a post supporting a usually outdoor lamp or lantern
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International Criminal Court - ICC - seeks arrest warrants including PM Netanyahu, for war crimes
International Criminal Court seeks arrest warrants for Hamas and Israeli leaders, including PM Netanyahu, for war crimes
The prosecutor of the International Criminal Court has requested arrest warrants for Israel's Prime Minister Netanyahu and Defense Minister Gallant
In addition, the ICC prosecutor seeks arrest warrants against the Hamas leaders Yahya Sinwar, Mohammed Al-Masri, and Ismail Haniyeh
The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt)[2] is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression. The ICC is distinct from the International Court of Justice, an organ of the United Nations that hears disputes between states
Established in 2002 pursuant to the multilateral Rome Statute, the ICC is considered by its proponents to be a major step toward justice, and an innovation in international law and human rights. However, it has faced a number of criticisms from governments and civil society groups, including objections to its jurisdiction, accusations of bias, Eurocentrism and racism, questioning of the fairness of its case selection and trial procedures, and doubts about its effectiveness
The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. As a court of last resort, it seeks to complement, not replace, national Courts. Governed by an international treaty called the Rome Statute
https://www.icc-cpi.int/
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1932 USA, Steam Train Crash, Roosevelt Hoover Train Collision, Iowa State Fair
1932 USA, Steam Train Crash, Roosevelt Hoover Train Collision, Iowa State Fair
The great train crash that saved the Iowa State Fair
Connolly’s idea? Lay a section of railroad track in front of the grandstand and create a head-on collision of two locomotives, causing an earth-shaking fireball explosion the likes of which no one had ever seen. No kidding.
The Fair got on board. Connolly bought a couple of old trains that were headed for the scrap heap, laid down some tracks, and set the trains on a crash course.
The prospect of witnessing of a huge train wreck was too much for anyone to pass up. The first explosion in 1896 was so successful that they did it again in 1922 and 1932. Each time, the Fair drew between 40,000 and 70,000 paying visitors—huge crowds for any event in that era.
https://juiceboxinteractive.com/blog/creating-an-iowa-state-fair-spectacle/
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Video - Scottie Scheffler arrested after he tried to drive past a police officer
World No. 1 golfer Scottie Scheffler was detained in handcuffs after he tried to drive past a police officer at the PGA Championship, ESPN reports
Scottie Scheffler arrested outside PGA Championship and charged with assault on police officer
World No. 1 golfer and Masters champion Scottie Scheffler is facing four charges following his arrest outside the PGA Championship in Louisville, Kentucky, Friday morning.
Scheffler was charged with second-degree assault on a police officer – a felony – along with lesser charges of third-degree criminal mischief, reckless driving and disregarding signals from officers directing traffic, Jefferson County court records show. He’s been released from jail, according to the Louisville Metro Department of Corrections.
https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2024/05/17/sport/scottie-scheffler-detained
Scott Scheffler (born June 21, 1996) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He is currently ranked world number one, first reaching the position in the Official World Golf Ranking in March 2022, and has held that ranking for over 80 weeks. He has won two major championships, both the 2022 and 2024 Masters Tournament.[4] He became the first player to win The Players Championship in back-to-back years in 2023 and 2024
Scheffler earned his 2019 Web.com Tour card through qualifying school.
On May 26, 2019, Scheffler fired a bogey-free, 9-under 63 — playing the back nine in 30 — to force a playoff with 54-hole leader Marcelo Rozo in the Evans Scholars Invitational. He then birdied the second extra hole for his first Web.com Tour victory.
On August 18, 2019, Scheffler won the Nationwide Children's Hospital Championship in Columbus, Ohio. Scheffler shot 4-under 67 in the final round at Ohio State University's Scarlet Course for a two-shot victory. He totaled a 12-under 272 for the week and finished two shots ahead of Brendon Todd, Beau Hossler and Ben Taylor. This event was part of the Korn Ferry Tour Finals (the Web.com Tour was renamed the Korn Ferry Tour in mid-season). Scheffler led both the Finals points list and the overall points list to earn a fully exempt PGA Tour card for the 2020 season. He was later named Korn Ferry Tour Player of the Year.
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Boston Dynamics Robotic Dog meets actual dog
Boston Dynamics Robotic Dog meets actual dog
Boston Dynamics, Inc., is an American engineering and robotics design company founded in 1992 as a spin-off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, Boston Dynamics has been owned by the Hyundai Motor Group since December 2020, but having only completed the acquisition in June 2021
Boston Dynamics develops of a series of dynamic highly mobile robots, including BigDog, Spot, Atlas, and Handle. Since 2019, Spot has been made commercially available, making it the first commercially available robot from Boston Dynamics, while the company has stated its intent to commercialize other robots as well, including Handle
On June 23, 2016, Boston Dynamics revealed the four-legged canine-inspired Spot which only weighs 25 kg (55 pounds) and is lighter than their other products
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A microscopic tardigrade going for a stroll through some algae.
A microscopic tardigrade going for a stroll through some algae.
Tardigrades (/ˈtɑːrdɪɡreɪdz/) known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals.[2][6] They were first described by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, who called them Kleiner Wasserbär ('little water bear').In 1777, the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani named them Tardigrada (/tɑːrˈdɪɡrədə/), which means "slow steppers"
Tardigrades are near-microscopic animals that can survive some of the most extreme conditions on Earth, including freezing temperatures, crushing pressures, and even the vacuum of space
Tardigrades, often called water bears or moss piglets, are near-microscopic aquatic animals with plump, segmented bodies and flattened heads. They have eight legs, each tipped with four to eight claws or digits, and somewhat resemble the hookah-smoking caterpillar from "Alice in Wonderland." Though tardigrades are disarmingly cute, they are also nearly indestructible and can even survive in outer space
https://www.livescience.com/57985-tardigrade-facts.html
The largest adults may reach a body length of 1.5 mm (0.059 in), the smallest below 0.1 mm (0.0039 in). Newly hatched tardigrades may be smaller than 0.05 mm (0.0020 in). For comparison, grass pollen is typically 0.025–0.04 mm (0.00098–0.00157 in).
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Co-pilot of the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima meets a Japanese survivor
Co-pilot of the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima meets a Japanese survivor on a late night show called ‘This Is Your Life’, 1955
Hiroshima, a modern city on Japan’s Honshu Island, was largely destroyed by an atomic bomb during World War II. Today, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park commemorates the 1945 event.
On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict. Japan surrendered to the Allies on 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan and invasion of Japanese-occupied Manchuria. The Japanese government signed the instrument of surrender on 2 September, effectively ending the war
In the early morning hours of August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay took off from the island of Tinian and headed north by northwest toward Japan. The bomber's primary target was the city of Hiroshima, located on the deltas of southwestern Honshu Island facing the Inland Sea. Hiroshima had a civilian population of almost 300,000 and was an important military center, containing about 43,000 soldiers
https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/Events/1945/hiroshima.htm
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The Prime Minister of Slovakia, Robert Fico, has just been shot in public
The Prime Minister of Slovakia, Robert Fico, has been shot
Slovak PM Robert Fico shot and wounded after government meeting.
This comes just days after Fico formally and publicly rejected The WHO Global Pandemic Accord
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Footage of Slovakia's Prime Minister being shot today
Footage of Slovakia's Prime Minister being shot today
Robert Fico (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈrɔbert ˈfitsɔ]; born 15 September 1964) is a Slovak politician. He has served as the Prime Minister of Slovakia since 2023, having previously served in the position from 2006 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2018. He founded the Direction – Social Democracy (Smer) party in 1999 and has led that party since its foundation. Fico holds a record as the longest-serving prime minister in the country's history, having served for a total of over 10 years. First elected to Parliament in 1992, whilst within Czechoslovakia, he was later appointed to the Council of Europe. Following his party's victory in the 2006 parliamentary election, he formed his first Cabinet. His political positions have been described as populist.
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